Under a crystal chandelier in a hall where the first Geneva Convention was signed in the mid-19th century, representatives of two armed groups in Congo signed solemn pledges on Tuesday, to do better in respecting and protecting civilians.
With several Western diplomats looking on, the envoys made commitments that their forces will work to end sexual violence, food insecurity and conditions of famine, and to ensure greater access to health care in the parts of increasingly violent eastern Congo that they operate in and control.
The ceremony Tuesday at City Hall in Geneva, a Swiss city that’s reputed for an internationalist bent and home to the international Red Cross, culminates years of work by the humanitarian group Geneva Call, which works to protect civilians in conflict zones.
Africa’s second-largest country has seen a recent upsurge in insecurity in its mineral-rich east and territorial gains by the M23 rebel group that’s allegedly linked to neighbouring Rwanda. The area has been riddled by conflict for decades, linked to more than 120 armed groups who are fighting for land and power and in some cases, protecting their communities.
President Felix Tshisekedi, who started his second five-year term in January, had made quelling violence in the eastern parts of the Central African country a priority in his first term — but has struggled to do so.
earIn Geneva, two armed groups that are loosely aligned with the government against M23 inked separate “Deeds of Commitment” on the rules they’ve vowed to respect. Geneva Call was quick to say they are not formal agreements and don’t “legitimise” the armed groups.
CMC-FDP – the French language acronym for Collective of Movements for Change/Self-Defense Force of Congolese People – has worked with Geneva Call for five years, and taken steps like releasing 35 children who were formerly in the group and rehabilitating schools and health centres.
“We are here as representatives of a patriotic resistance group in the Democratic Republic of Congo and we’re here in Geneva to reiterate our commitment to respect international humanitarian law and human rights.” said Jimmy Didace Butsitsi, an assistant to the group’s president, Christophe Mulumba.
The larger, NDC-R/Guidon — or Nduma Defense of Renewed Congo/Guidon – of about 5,000 fighters has released over 20 hostages, undergone training in humanitarian law, and handed over 53 “perpetrators” of sexual or gender-based violence in its ranks to authorities as part of its work with the Geneva group.
“Before all these training courses that we’ve taken, we could let ourselves do whatever we wanted,” said group spokesman Marcellin Shenkuku N’Kuba, who was accompanied in Geneva by Jeremie N’Kuba, the group’s political chairman. “Now, we feel – we can see – there’s a change on the ground, and so we can’t let ourselves do whatever we want anymore.”
Shenkuku N’Kuba acknowledged that respecting the commitments “isn’t easy” and said he’s “not a prophet” but that the group will endeavour to adhere to them now that the pledges have been made.
Alain Deletroz, Geneva Call’s director-general, said the idea behind such commitments was “to encourage other groups to follow the examples of these bigger groups.”
earThe humanitarian group was born in 2000 out of an effort to ban landmines, and it has shepherded nearly 120 such pledges from armed groups in countries including Iraq, Myanmar and Syria — on issues like child protection, sexual violence and gender discrimination.
Geneva Call will keep tabs on any signs that the groups might be violating their commitments, and would first raise any issues with their leaders confidentially. If troubles persist, the aid group could go so far as to “repudiate” the deeds — but that’s never happened in any other country.
The ceremony took place in the City Hall’s “Alabama Room,” under a painting that commemorates a meeting of bearded and mustachioed envoys from Europe and the United States who signed the first Geneva convention on aid to war-wounded in 1864.
